It's KoreanStudyJunkie and in this lesson we'll look at 5 different Korean grammar structures that you'll hear and also use a lot. Although, they can be a bit confusing. There's a short practice section at the end so stick around.
V + 아/어야 되다 / 아/어야 하다 = should, have to, must
Usage: to express that It’s a necessity to do something or an obligation. The use of -아/어야 되다 is more commonly used than -아/어야 하다, but they mean the exact same. 아/어야 되다 has 2 negative forms that we’ll learn a little more about later in the post.
1.) -지 않아도 되다 = not necessary to do something
2.)-(으)면 안 되다 = prohibition of some behavior
Verb stem ending in vowel ㅏ or ㅗ + 아야 되다/하다
Verb stem ending in vowel other than ㅏ or ㅗ + 어야 되다/하다
하다 Verbs → 해야 되다/하다
Examples:
내일 시험이 있어요. 그래서 공부해야 돼요. =I have an exam tomorrow. So I must study.
회사에 가야 해요. = I have to go to work.
대학교에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요. = If you want to go to University, you must study hard
아/어/해야 지(요) = I should, will do, must do
Usage: Express speaker’s strong intention like a promise to oneself or a decision to do something. An expression used to indicate the speaker's determination or will. Used to think or speak to oneself, informal form V-아/어야지 is used.
Example:
그 영화가 너무 재미있다고 했어. 나도 봐야지. = I heard that the movie is very interesting. I will see it, too.
내일이 시험이니 오늘은 공부를 해야지요. = I have an exam tomorrow, so I have to study today.
아/어야 겠지 may also be used for a similar meaning
(으)면 안 되다 = should not, may not, not allowed to
Usage: attaches to verb stem to prohibit some behavior, say one should/must not do something, or ask someone else for permission to do something.
~(으)면 안 되다 can be used in the form of a question. One is asking if there will be a “problem” if the action before ~(으)면 occurs. Translated like “May I..?” “Is it okay if…” “Can/can’t you…?”
Examples:
길에 쓰레기를 버리면 안 돼요.
You’re not allowed to throw trash on the street.
박물관에서 사진을 찍으면 안 돼요.
You may not take pictures in the museum.
(으)면 되다 = suggesting that one should
Usage: By adding ~(으)면 되다 to the end of a sentence or clause, the meaning is similar to ~아/어야 되다, using ~(으)면 되다 is more of a suggestion or to simply mean that if a certain condition is fulfilled, it’s enough.
It’s not emphasizing the necessity to do. or an obligation to do something. Because this is more of a suggestion, its meaning is very soft and is often used by people when they are asked for advice.
Example vs Example:
9시까지 와야 돼요. = You have to be here by 9.
9시까지 오면 돼요. = You can come by 9.
-아/어도 되다 = may, can I..?
Usage: this is used to ask someone for approval or permission. This translates to “one may” or “one is allowed to.” V-아/어도 되다 can be replaced by -아/어도 괜찮다, -아/어도 좋다 without meaning change.
This grammar is similar to (으)면 안 되다. There doesn’t seem to be a big difference between this grammar and 면 안 되다, the only small thing seems to be that (으)면 되다 can be used to talk about yourself, but 아/어/여도 되다 is used mainly for talking to other people for asking “permission” sake.
Examples:
제가 일찍 가도 돼요? = May I go early?
지금 문을 열어도 돼요 = You may open the door now.
PRACTICE SECTION:
Translate a sentence using grammar from the post
1.) I should do my homework now
2.) It’s okay If you don’t study everyday
3.) My brother is not allowed to watch tv this week.