안녕하세요! Koreanstudyjunkie입니다~ I've been wanting to make a post like this for awhile, but I was worried that some people would get upset over it. I know religion and religious beliefs can be a sensitive topic, but If you are a religious person you may want to know your religion name in Korean. This will not be an exhaustive list of, so I know I missed a lot of things - please leave a comment and I'll add to this post. Thank you!
Religions & Beliefs
종교 - Religion
독실하다 / 종교적이다 - Religious
무신론 - Atheism
유교 - Confuciansim
유대교 - Judaism
힌두교 - Hinduism
불교 - Buddhism
이슬람교 - Islam
기독교 - Christianity
장로교 - Presbyterianism
감리교 - Methodism
조계종 - Jogye
천태종 - Tiantai
무슬림 - Muslim
도교 - Taoism
가톨릭 교회 - Catholic church
개산교 교회 - Protestantism
루터 교회 - Lutheran church
감리 교회 - Methodist church
정교회 - Orthodox church
침례 교회 - Baptist chruch
샤만교 - Shamanism
교회 - Church
예배당 - Chapel
사원 - Temple
철 - Buddhist Temple
모스크 - Mosque
이념 - Ideology
무당 - Shaman
승력 - Monk
기독교인 / 기독교도 - Christian
성직자 - Priest
전도사 - Preacher
주교 - Bishop
Names
하나님 - God
예수 - Jesus
예수 그리스도 - Jesus Christ
석가모니 - Buddha
부처 - Buddha
알라신 - Allah
Verbs & Other Vocab
기도하다 - To pray
천국 - Heaven
성경 - Bible
꾸란 - Quran
토라 - Torah
There's definitely more to be added to this list, but as I'm not a very religous person and don't have much knowledge of religions please leave a comment to tell me what I'm missing.