안녕하세요! It's Koreanstudyjunkie. I've really been enjoying doing these THIS vs THAT kind of series of lessons. I've done lessons like 안녕히 가세요 vs 안녕히 계세요 and 계란 vs 달걀 but this time we'll look at something that personally has confused me for a long time. I just never bothered to actually look this up, so I've done some research in order to teach you guys.
Intro:
다 and 모두 can both be used as ADVERBS or NOUNS and often have a meaning of "all". 다 is used more often as an adverb - being placed right before the verb. While 모두 is used more with nouns. They can be interchangeable if they both mean "everything without an exception." 다 in my opinion gets used a bit more often in everyday speech these days as 모두 can seem a bit more formal.
다
Much like 모두, 다 can be used as both a noun and adverb to mean “everything” “everyone” and “all” respectively. In this way, 모두 and 다 are interchangeable; however, 다 often sounds more casual. It is also possible to combine the two words to form 모두 다.
Example Sentences:
머리부터 발끝까지 모두 다 좋아해요 = From your head to your toes, I love everything (about you).
(Noun) 이것이 지금 내가 가진 돈의 다예요. = This is all the money I have right now.
(Adverb) 이제 다 왔어. 내리자! = We're here now. Get out!
나의 친구는 다 좋은 사람들뿐이다 = All (of) my friends are good people.
너 야채 다 먹어. = Eat all of your vegetables.
너희 둘 다 간다구? 좋았어! = You're both coming? Great!
Another varitation: 다들 = everyone
KEEP IN MIND: 다 can be used before verb to say an action has been finished (e.g., 다 먹었어요 – I’ve finished eating, 숙제를 다 했어요 – I’ve finished my homework.). 모두 is not used in this way.
모두
When used as a noun, it can be translated as “everything” or sometimes “everyone,” while when used as an adverb, its translation is closer to “all”.
Example Sentences:
(Adverb) 모두 샀나요? = Did you buy everything?
(Noun) 모두가 고기를 잘 먹어요 = We all eat meat.
(Adverb) 그는 돈을 모두 잃었어요 = He lost all the money.
(Noun) 여기 있는 사람이 우리 반 학생 모두는 아니에요. = The people that are here now are not all the people in our class.
(Adverb) 우리 모두 함께 가자 = Let's all go together.
(Noun) 가족 모두가 여행을 떠났어요. = The whole family went on a trip.
내 친구 모두 스키를 좋아한다. = All of my friends like skiing
한국인 모두가 김치를 좋아하는 것은 아니다. = Not all Koreans like Kimchi.
Another varitation: 모두들 = everyone
모든 = all + noun OR every + noun
When using 모두 to directly describe other nouns, it must be modified into its adjective form, 모든. This would then be translated as “ALL nouns” or “EVERY noun”.
Example Sentences:
모든 사람들이 다 그렇게 생각하는 것은 아닙니다. = Not everyone thinks like that
모든 사람들 = All people
모든 셔츠는 10% 할인된다. = All shirts are 10% off.
모든 셔츠 = All shirts, Every shirt
그녀는 모든 창문을 닫았어. = She closed all the windows. / She closed every window.
모든 창문 = All windows, Every window
진정해! 모든 게 잘 될 거야!
Relax! Everything will be OK.
게 is an abbreviated form of 것이 (것 + 이 particle)
것 = thing
Literally 모든 것 means every thing
그들은 모든 문제를 해결해야 했어요. = They had to solve all the problems. / They had to solve every problem.