고 = And, With | 하고 vs 고
안녕하세요 리더님! This is a lesson where we’ll learn about AND (고) and how it differs from 하고 (which also means ‘and’).
A/V/N-고 = And; With
Usage: 고 is one of the most common Korean grammar endings. It has several uses, but the first one students learn is connecting verbs and adjectives, similar to "and" in English.
Structure:
Verb stem + 고
Adjective stem + 고
Noun + 이고
Usage 1: Connecting Actions
When one action happens and then another.
먹다 → 먹고 = eat and...
Ex:
밥을 먹고 학교에 갔어요.
I ate a meal and went to school.
숙제를 하고 잤어요.
I did my homework and slept.
커피를 마시고 공부했어요.
I drank coffee and studied.
문을 열고 들어갔어요.
I opened the door and went inside.
저는 학생이고 회사원이에요.
I am a student and an office worker.
Usage 2: Connecting Descriptions
You can also connect adjectives.
Ex:
그 사람은 친절하고 똑똑해요.
That person is kind and smart.
오늘은 춥고 바람이 많이 불어요.
Today is cold and windy.
이 책은 재미있고 쉬워요.
This book is interesting and easy.
방이 넓고 깨끗해요.
The room is spacious and clean.
Usage 3: Connecting Multiple Things
You can keep adding -고.
Ex:
아침을 먹고 샤워하고 학교에 갔어요.
I ate breakfast, took a shower, and went to school.
운동하고 샤워하고 잤어요.
I exercised, showered, and slept.
Usage 4: With
Add 하고 next to pronoun or person
Ex:
친구하고 영화를 보고 싶어요.
I want to watch a movie with a friend.
언니하고 말했어요.
I talked with my older sister.
가족하고 여행을 했어요.
I traveled with my family.
우리는 그하고 저녁을 먹을 겁니다.
We will have dinner with him.
하고 vs 고
Both can mean "and," but they are used differently.
하고 connects two nouns while 고 connects to verbs/adjectives.
하고 = Noun + Noun
Ex: apple and banana
Both are nouns.
Examples:
사과하고 바나나
Apples and bananas
엄마하고 아빠
Mom and Dad
친구하고 영화 봤어요.
I watched a movie with my friend
고 = Verb/Adjective + Verb/Adjective
Ex: eat and sleep
These are actions.
Examples:
먹고 잤어요.
I ate and slept.
공부하고 시험을 봤어요.
I studied and took the test.
예쁘고 친절해요.
She is pretty and kind.
You can use both in the same sentence.
EXAMPLE SENTENCES:
친구하고 카페에 가서 커피를 마시고 이야기했어요.
I went to a café with my friend, drank coffee, and talked.
엄마하고 시장에 가서 과일하고 채소를 샀어요.
I went to the market with my mom and bought fruit and vegetables.
선생님하고 학생들이 인사하고 수업을 시작했어요.
The teacher and students greeted each other and started class.
That’s all for this lesson!
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