아/어/여 있다 Lesson

안녕하세요 리더님! I’m Junie from KoreanStudyJunkie~

Welcome or welcome back to another grammar lesson

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There are two separate lessons in this blog that you need to read to get the full picture. First I want to introduce you to the suffixes you need to know:

Irregular passive verbs with (-이/히/리/기-) suffix = to be V-ed

Usage:

Irregular passive verbs with (-이/히/리/기) suffix are used to express a passive statement when the subject‘s action occurs because of an action directly/indirectly performed by someone else/something = to be V-ed

List of typical -이/히/리/기 passive verbs:

이: Verb stems that have no 받침, or verb stems with a 받침 that doesn’t change it’s sound when it comes before ㅎ (usually ㅎ, ㄲ, ㅍ).

바꾸다 = to change –> 바뀌다 = to be changed

보다 = to see –> 보이다 = to be seen

놓다 = to place –> 놓이다 = to be placed

섞다 = to mix –> 섞이다 = to be mixed

쓰다 = to use/write –> 쓰이다 = to be used/written

히: Verb stems with 받침 that does change it’s sound when it comes before ㅎ (usually ㅂ, ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅈ).

잡다 = to catch –> 잡히다 = to be caught

밟다 = to step on –> 밟히다 = to be stepped on

막다 = to block –> 막히다 = to be blocked

닫다 = to close –> 닫히다 = to be closed

잊다 = to forget –> 잊히다 = to be forgotten

먹다 = to eat –> 먹히다 = to be eaten

리: Verb stems with ㄹ 받침, or irregular verbs that change their 받침 to ㄹ in most conjugations (듣다 –> 들어).

열다 = to open –> 열리다 = to be opened

듣다 = to hear –> 들리다 = to be heard

자르다 = to cut –> 잘리다 = to be cut

팔다 = to sell –> 팔리다 = to be sold

밀다 = to push –> 밀리다 = to be pushed

풀다 = to untie –> 풀리다 = to be untied

물다 = to bite –> 물리다 = to be bite

기: Verb stems with other 받침 that doesn’t change it’s sound when it comes before ㅎ (usually ㅁ, ㄴ, ㅅ, ㅊ).

담다 = to fill –> 담기다 = to be filled

잠그다 = to lock –> 잠기다 = to be locked

안다 = to hold –> 안기다 = to be held

씻다 = to wash –> 씻기다 = to be washed

끊다 = to cut –> 끊기다 = to be cut off

STRUCTURES:

Structure 1 -

N2이/가 N1에/게 V-이/히/리/기 (passive)

Examples:

범인이 경찰에게 잡혔어요.

The criminal was caught by the police.

Structure 2 -

N이/가 V-이/히/리/기 (passive)

Examples :

제 전화번호가 바뀌었어요.

My phone number has changed.

Structure 3 -

N2이/가 N1에 V-이/히/리/기+아/어 있다 (passive)

We’ll do a deep dive into 아/어 있다 after this section

Examples :

시계가 벽에 걸려 있어요.

The clock is hanging on the wall.

Example Sentences:

아이가 할아버지에게 안겼어요.

아이가 인형을 안아요.

The child was held by the grandfather (Passive verb)

The child hugs a doll. (Active verb)

문이 열렸어요.

마리 씨가 문을 열어요.

The door is opened./ the door is open.

Mary opens the door.

그 책은 많은 사람들에게 읽힙니다.

많은 사람들이 그 책을 읽습니다.

That book is read by lots of people.

Lots of people read that book.

전화가 끊겼어요.

전화를 끊었어요.

The telephone was disconnected.

I ended the call.

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아/어/여 있다 Lesson

아/어 있다 is used to say that an action was done in the past and the result is still continuing now.

아/어 있다 is mainly used with ACTION VERBS that indicate a change in “state”.

For example:

열다 (open)

닫다 (close)

켜다 (turn on)

끄다 (turn off)

놓다 (put)

붙이다 (attach)

앉다 (sit)

서다 (stand)

It’s NOT usually used with feelings, descriptive verbs, or ongoing actions

(No adjectives or adverbs)

문을 열어요.

I open the door (action)

문이 열려 있어요.

The door is open (result)

Example Sentences:

앉아요. I sit down

앉아 있어요. I am sitting

불이 켜져 있어요.

The light is on.

TV가 꺼져 있어요.

The TV is off.

가방이 의자 위에 놓여 있어요.

The bag is on the chair.

사진이 벽에 붙어 있어요.

A picture is attached to the wall.

시계가 벽에 걸려 있어요.

A clock is hanging on the wall.

음식이 냉장고에 넣어 있어요.

The food is in the fridge.

방이 깨끗하게 정리돼 있어요.

The room is clean (has been tidied).

책이 바닥에 떨어져 있어요.

A book is on the floor (has fallen).

The opposite is not normally:

문이 열려 없어요

불이 켜져 없어요

You don’t negate it with 없어요. Instead just add 안 & 지 않다 :

문이 열려 있지 않아요

불이 켜져 있지 않아요

저는 앉아 있지 않아요

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