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안녕하세요~ Koreanstudyjunkie입니다! This post is a list of most of the Korean particles - excluding Korean counters, although I have made a post about them separately. View here.
List & Their Usages: -은/는 =marks topic in a sentence
-을/를 = marks object in a sentence
-이/가 =marks subject in a sentence
-에 = location/time marking particle
-에서 = used when a specific action is done a location
-부터 = has meaning of from; since
-까지 = has meaning of to; until
-고 = used as "and" | verb before 고 and after go
-도 = used the same as "also" and "too" in English
-(으)로 =used to indicate the direction, means, method, materials, cause, etc.
-마다 = each, every
- 에게/한테/께 = used to show that you are doing (or giving) something to someone they all have the same meaning.
같이 = equivalent to the phrase Like Something /Someone & used just like N +처럼. different from N +와 같이
처럼 = attaching the word 처럼 to a noun you create the meaning of "like (that noun) "
-(으)나 = repeated to list alternatives creating an idiomatic expression kind of like "this or that"
보다 = than
(이)나 = attached to nouns to say "or"
거나 = attached to verbs to say "or"
아니면 = combining 아니다 with ~면, we get "아니면" and is used as "or"
쯤 = use Noun +쯤 to say something was about or approximately.
밖에 = used to say "Only" or "Nothing but..". Negation must follow this particle.
와/과 = and | connects nouns - used less in speaking and more in writing
(이)랑 = used to mean "with" someone or "and" | used more in speaking
하고 = used to list more than 1 item. often used in spoken Korean while 'N 과 /와' mostly used in written Korean means 'N and'
만 = used with nouns | = Only/Just
의 = possessive particle. equivalent to (...'s) | my...his...hers...yours
Example Sentences:
- 은/는 & -에 & -고
동생은 부산에 살고 나는 서울에 살고 있다.
My sibling lives in business and I live in Seoul.
- 을/를 & -에
아침에는 빵을 먹어요.
I eat bread for breakfast
- 이/가
네가 밀면 내가 끌게.
You push and I’ll pull.
- 에서 & 에
우리는 주말에 공원에서 만났어요
We met at the park on the weeknd.
- 부터
지난달부터 그녀를 보지 못했어요.
I haven't seen her since last month.
-까지 & -부터
그녀는 아침부터 저녁까지 일해요.
She works from morning to (until) evening.
- 도
저도요 (Me too)
- (ㅇ)로 & -을/를
아이스크림을 숟가락으로 먹었다.
I ate Icecream with a spoon
- 마다
주말마다 (Every weekend)
- 에게 | 한테 | 께
지수는 아이가 너무 귀여워 아이한테 뽀뽀를 했어
Ji-Soo kissed the child because she was so cute.
- 같이
사장님은 직원들에게 친구같이 편안하게 말해요.
The boss talks to the employees comfortably like a friend.
- 처럼
아기처럼 울다 (to cry like a baby)
- (으)나
좋으나 싫으나 너는 한국 사람이 아니야.
Like it or not, you are not Korean.
- 보다
기차보다 비행기가 빠르다
A plane is faster than a train
- (이)나
공책이나 연필
notebooks and[or] pencils
- 거나
민준은 주말에 보통 친구를 만나거나 영화를 본다.
Minjun usually meets a friend or watches a movie on weekends.
- 쯤
두 시쯤 만나자
I will see you around two.
- 밖에
하나밖에 없어요.
There's only one/nothing, but one.
- 와/과
너와 나 (You and I)
- (이)랑
친구랑 이야기하다
talk with a friend
- 하고
나가서 양파하고 두부 좀 사와.
Go out and get some onions and tofu.
- 만
한번만 (Once)
- 의
저의 가방 (My bag)
That's the end of this post. We have plenty more lessons like this here. I actually have a particles quiz booklet that you can use to test yourself on all these particles - you can get it on my store.